Saynis yahanadu waxay soo saareen madal 3D bioprinting ah oo soo ururisa mid shaqaynaysa aadanaha unugyada neerfaha. Unugyada hore ee unugyada daabacan waxay koraan si ay u sameeyaan wareegyada neerfayaasha waxayna sameeyaan xiriiro shaqeynaya oo ay la yeeshaan neerfayaasha kale si ay ugu ekaadaan dabiiciga maskaxda unugyo. Tani waa horumar la taaban karo oo laga sameeyay injineernimada unugyada neerfaha iyo farsamada 3D bioprinting. Unugyada neerfaha ee bioprinted ee noocan oo kale ah ayaa loo isticmaali karaa qaabaynta aadanaha cudurrada (sida Alzheimers, Parkinson's iwm.) oo ay sababto daciifnimada shabakadaha neerfaha. Baaritaan kasta oo ku saabsan cudurka maskaxda wuxuu u baahan yahay in la fahmo sida ay tahay aadanaha shabakadaha neerfaha ayaa shaqeeya.
3D bioprinting waa habka wax lagu daro halkaas oo ku habboon biomaterial dabiiciga ah ama synthetic (bioink) lagu qaso unug nool oo la daabacay, lakab-lakab ah, qaab dhismeedyo dabiici ah oo u eg-saddex-cabbir ah. Unugyadu waxay ku koraan bioink-ka waxayna dhismayaashu u koraan si ay ugu ekaadaan unug ama xubin dabiici ah. Tignoolajiyadani waxay ka heshay codsiyada dib-u-cusboonaysiin daawada bioprinting ee unugyada, unugyo iyo xubnaha iyo cilmi-baarista qaab model ah in la barto aadanaha jirka Tijaabooyin, gaar ahaan aadanaha habdhiska dareenka.
Barashada aadanaha habdhiska dareenka ayaa wajahaya xaddidaad sababtoo ah helitaan la'aanta shaybaarada aasaasiga ah. Moodooyinka xayawaanku waa kuwo waxtar leh laakiin waxay la ildaran yihiin kala duwanaansho u gaar ah noocyada sidaa awgeed waa lama huraan Tijaabooyin moodooyinka ka mid ah aadanaha habdhiska dareenka si loo baaro sida aadanaha shabakadaha neural waxay u shaqeeyaan sidii ay u heli lahaayeen daawaynta cudurada loo aaneynayo daciifnimada shabakadaha neerfaha.
Human Unugyada neerfaha ayaa 3D la daabacay waagii hore iyadoo la isticmaalayo unugyada asliga ah si kastaba ha ahaatee kuwan waxaa ka maqan samaynta shabakada neerfaha. Nudaha daabacan ma muujin in ay sameeyeen xiriir ka dhexeeya unugyada sababo dhowr ah dartood. Dhaliilahan waa laga gudbay hadda.
Daraasad dhowaan la sameeyay, cilmi baarayaal waxay doorteen fibrin hydrogel (oo ka kooban fibrinogen iyo thrombin) oo ah bioink aasaasiga ah waxaana la qorsheeyay in la daabaco qaabdhismeed lakab ah kaas oo unugyadu ay ku koraan oo ay sameeyaan synapses gudaha iyo gudaha lakabyada, laakiin waxay beddeleen habka lakabyada loo dhejiyo inta lagu jiro daabacaadda. Halkii laga isticmaali lahaa hab-dhaqameedka ee lakabyada si toosan loogu dhejiyo, waxay doorteen inay daabacaan lakabyo ku xiga mid kale oo toosan. Sida muuqata, tani waxay samaysay farqiga. Madal-sharaftooda 3D-da-bioprinting ayaa la ogaaday in ay isu keento mid shaqaynaysa aadanaha nudaha neerfaha. Horumar ka badan dhufto ee kale ee jira, the aadanaha Unugyada neerfaha ee ay daabacday madalkani waxa ay sameeyeen shabakado neerfaha iyo xidhiidhada shaqaynaysa ee neerfayaasha kale iyo unugyada glial gudaha iyo inta u dhaxaysa lakabyada. Tani waa kiiskii ugu horreeyay ee noocan oo kale ah waana tallaabo muhiim ah oo horay loo qaaday xagga injineernimada unugyada neerfaha. Isku-dubaridka shaybaadhka ee unugyada neerfaha ee u ekaada maskaxda shaqada waxay u muuqataa mid xiiso leh. Horumarkan ayaa hubaal ka caawin doona cilmi-baarayaasha qaabaynta aadanaha cudurada maskaxda ee ay sababto shabakada neerfaha ee daciifka ah si loo fahmo habka lagu heli karo daaweyn suurtagal ah.
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Tixraacyo:
- Cadana M., et al 2020. 3D Bioprinting ee unugyada neerfaha. Agabka Sare ee Daryeelka Caafimaadka Volume 10, Issue 15 2001600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202001600
- Yan Y., et al 2024. 3D bioprinting ee aadanaha unugyada neerfaha ee leh isku xirnaanta shaqeynta. Tignoolajiyada Unugga stem-ka ee unugga| Caddadka 31, cadadka 2, P260-274.E7, Febraayo 01, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2023.12.009
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